2024 Ap english language and composition 2022 free response questions answers

2021 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 3 • Scoring Guideline • Student Samples • •Scoring Commentary. Atandt wifi outages

Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.2022 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 1 Scoring Guidelines Student Samples Scoring CommentaryAP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade. In your response you should do the following: • Respond to the prompt with a thesis that analyzes the writer’s rhetorical choices. • Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning. • Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. • Demonstrate an understanding of the rhetorical situation. AP English Language and Composition Question 1: Synthesis (2019) Sample Student Responses 4 Sample A [1] According to a recent report on limate change published by the United Nations, Earth’s global climate temperature is expected to rise by 1.5°C in the coming decades and the effects can potentially(This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) As the Internet age changes what and how people read, there has been considerable debate about the future of public libraries.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.Note: You may begin writing your response before the reading period is over. (This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention fromAP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 2: Prose Fiction Analysis 6 points . The following excerpt is from Linda Hogan’s novel . People of the Whale, published in 2008. In this passage, the narrator describes two events that occurCourse. AP English Language and Composition is a course in the study of rhetoric taken in high school. Many schools offer this course primarily to juniors and the AP English Literature and Composition course to seniors. Other schools reverse the order, and some offer both courses to both juniors and seniors.AP English Language and Composition Question 1: Synthesis (2019) Sample Student Responses 4 Sample A [1] According to a recent report on limate change published by the United Nations, Earth’s global climate temperature is expected to rise by 1.5°C in the coming decades and the effects can potentiallyIncludes 5 sets of questions: 23–25 Reading questions that ask students to read and analyze nonfiction texts. 20–22 Writing questions that ask students to “read like a writer” and consider revisions to stimulus texts. Section II: Free Response. 3 Questions | 2 hours 15 minutes (includes a 15-minute reading period | 55% of Exam ScoreMade for any learning environment, AP teachers can assign these short videos on every skill and/or required reading as homework alongside topic questions, warm-ups, lectures, reviews, and more. AP students can also access videos on their own for additional support. Videos are available in AP Classroom, on your Course Resources page.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade. Note: You may begin writing your response before the reading period is over. (This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention fromAP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 2: Prose Fiction Analysis 6 points . The following excerpt is from Linda Hogan’s novel . People of the Whale, published in 2008. In this passage, the narrator describes two events that occurAP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses 3 pathos and emotion, reminding the people of a common love for one’s country and president, and an admiring tone towards Kennedy, he was able to secure the funds to support the library and museum in Kennedy’s honor.AP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York TimesAP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York TimesCourse. AP English Language and Composition is a course in the study of rhetoric taken in high school. Many schools offer this course primarily to juniors and the AP English Literature and Composition course to seniors. Other schools reverse the order, and some offer both courses to both juniors and seniors.The following comments on the 2022 free-response questions for AP ® English Language and Composition were written by the Chief Reader Akua Duku Anokye, Associate Professor, Arizona State University. They give an overview of each free-response question and of how students performed on the question, including typical student errors. AP ® United States History 2022 Free-Response Questions UNITEDSTATESHISTORY SECTIONI,PartB Time—40minutes Directions: AnswerQuestion1 and Question2.Answer either Question3 or Question4.Section 2: Free Response. 3 questions 55% of Score. The 2 hour and 15 minute time limit for this section includes a 15-minute reading period. In the free-response section, you’ll respond to three questions with written answers. This section tests your skill in composition in three areas: Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...Responses to this question were designed to demonstrate choice, comprehension, and ability to develop and support a claim. While the first two free-response questions build on a supplied text, this question includes both the opportunity and the challenge for students to choose a work to discuss. The framework for that choice wasAP® English Language and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Argument Essay 6 points . Colin Powell, a four-star general and former United States secretary of state, wrote in his 1995 autobiography: “[W]e do not have the luxury of collecting information indefinitely. At some point, before we can have every possible fact in hand, we have to ...simplistic in their analysis, or weak in their control of language. 0 Indicates an on-topic response that receives no credit, such as one that merely repeats the prompt. — Indicates a blank response or one that is completely off topic.AP® English Language and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Argument Essay 6 points . Colin Powell, a four-star general and former United States secretary of state, wrote in his 1995 autobiography: “[W]e do not have the luxury of collecting information indefinitely. At some point, before we can have every possible fact in hand, we have to ...AP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 2: Prose Fiction Analysis 6 points . The following excerpt is from Linda Hogan’s novel . People of the Whale, published in 2008. In this passage, the narrator describes two events that occurMay 9, 2023 · Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Advanced Placement® Language and Literature Tests from 1970 to 2023. AP Language and LiteratureTests Reorganized: Each prompt is now a separate dated file with prompt, scoring guide (6-point and/or 9-point), sample student essays, comments -- whatever I have, attached. Released multiple-choice exams are in a separate folder.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.The AP English Literature and Composition Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. There will also be a consistent range of difficulty in the reading passages across all versions of the exam from year to year. The free-response questions will be ...Section 2: Free Response. 3 questions 55% of Score. The 2 hour and 15 minute time limit for this section includes a 15-minute reading period. In the free-response section, you’ll respond to three questions with written answers. This section tests your skill in composition in three areas:Our customer support staff is there for you 24/7 to answer all your questions and deal with any problems if necessary. Of course, the best proof of the premium quality of our services is clients’ testimonials.2022 AP ® ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS The following is a list excepted from an article discussing how social media can benefit humanity. 1. Getting Involved In Charity Campaigns Some charities are using social media in ingenious ways, both to raise awareness of an issue and to get donations for great cauSynthesis Essay Materials. The two synthesis essay questions below are examples of the question type that has been one of the three free-response questions on the AP English Language and Composition Exam as of the May 2007 exam. The synthesis question asks students to synthesize information from a variety of sources to inform their own ...Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...2002 Ap English Language Composition Free Response Questions Sample Essays, Cover Letter Sample For The Position, Chef Curriculum Vitae Examples, Best Analysis Essay Writer Services For School, Resume Name And Credentials, Research Proposal Editor Websites, essays services Creating a hypothesis should be easy, but finding an explanation for it may be difficult.Unfortunately, we have been denied permission to reprint online the passage that accompanies Question 2 of the 1999 AP English Language free-response question. The essay "On Seeing England for the First Time" can be found in Best American Essays, 1992, edited by Susan Sontag and published by Ticknor and Fields, 1992.2021 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 3 • Scoring Guideline • Student Samples • •Scoring CommentaryAP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York TimesAP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York TimesAP® English Language and Composition 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and otherAP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses . 3 . Sample B [1] On April 9, 1964, United States First Lady Claudia Johnson gave a speech in honor of Eleanor Roosevelt. She spoke to those in attendance of the luncheon, specifically talking to the women within the crowd.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...2002 Ap English Language Composition Free Response Questions Sample Essays, Cover Letter Sample For The Position, Chef Curriculum Vitae Examples, Best Analysis Essay Writer Services For School, Resume Name And Credentials, Research Proposal Editor Websites, essays services Creating a hypothesis should be easy, but finding an explanation for it may be difficult.AP® English Language and Composition 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other2021 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 3 • Scoring Guideline • Student Samples • •Scoring Commentary2021 AP English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary ® Inside: Free Response Question 2 •• Scoring Guideline •• Student SamplesThe AP English Language and Composition Multiple-Choice. The multiple-choice section tests you on two main areas. The first is how well you can read and understand nonfiction passages for their use of rhetorical devices and tools. The second is how well you can "think like a writer" and make revisions to texts in composition questions.AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description. This is the core document for this course. Unit guides clearly lay out the course content and skills and recommend sequencing and pacing for them throughout the year. The CED was updated in the summer of 2020 to include scoring guidelines for the example questions.AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description. This is the core document for this course. Unit guides clearly lay out the course content and skills and recommend sequencing and pacing for them throughout the year. The CED was updated in the summer of 2020 to include scoring guidelines for the example questions.2002 Ap English Language Composition Free Response Questions Sample Essays, Cover Letter Sample For The Position, Chef Curriculum Vitae Examples, Best Analysis Essay Writer Services For School, Resume Name And Credentials, Research Proposal Editor Websites, essays services Creating a hypothesis should be easy, but finding an explanation for it may be difficult.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.AP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 2: Prose Fiction Analysis 6 points . The following excerpt is from Linda Hogan’s novel . People of the Whale, published in 2008. In this passage, the narrator describes two events that occurAP English Language Scoring Rubric, Free-Response Question 1-3 | SG 1 Scoring Rubric for Question 1: Synthesis Essay 6 points Reporting Category Scoring Criteria Row A Thesis (0-1 points) 4.B 0 points For any of the following: • There is no defensible thesis. • The intended thesis only restates the prompt.2022 Free-Response Questions Question Mean . Standard Deviation Number of Possible Points ; 1 3.56 ; ... AP English Language and Composition Author: College BoardThis question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) Many high schools, colleges, and universities have honor codes or honor systems: sets of rules or principles that are intended to cultivate integrity.AP® English Language and Composition 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and otherThe AP English Literature and Composition Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. There will also be a consistent range of difficulty in the reading passages across all versions of the exam from year to year. The free-response questions will be ...AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description. This is the core document for this course. Unit guides clearly lay out the course content and skills and recommend sequencing and pacing for them throughout the year. The CED was updated in the summer of 2020 to include scoring guidelines for the example questions.AP English Literature and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions Author: ETS Subject: Free-Response Questions from the 2022 AP English Literature and Composition Exam Keywords: English Literature and Composition; Free-Response Questions; 2022; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice Created Date: 10/19/2021 1:40:00 PMCourse. AP English Language and Composition is a course in the study of rhetoric taken in high school. Many schools offer this course primarily to juniors and the AP English Literature and Composition course to seniors. Other schools reverse the order, and some offer both courses to both juniors and seniors.Open Prompts Grouped, Poetry Prompts Grouped, and Prose Prompts Grouped. Advanced Placement® Language Tests All Three AP Language Free Response Prompts, 1970 to 2023, as PDF. AP Language Prose Passages, 1982 to 2023, as PDF (Thanks to Chris Godat). Overview of AP Language Stable Prompts, as PDF and as PowerPoint. DropBox Files2002 Ap English Language Composition Free Response Questions Sample Essays, Cover Letter Sample For The Position, Chef Curriculum Vitae Examples, Best Analysis Essay Writer Services For School, Resume Name And Credentials, Research Proposal Editor Websites, essays services Creating a hypothesis should be easy, but finding an explanation for it may be difficult.Explore how the AP exam is scored and what a passing AP score is. By. Whitney Sandoval. Edited by. Tyler Epps. Published on March 3, 2022. Learn more about our editorial process.Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.Question 1: Synthesis Essay 6 points . As the Internet age changes what and how people read, there has been considerable debate about the future of public libraries. While some commentators question whether libraries can stay relevant, others see new possibilities for libraries in the changing dynamics of today’s society.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade. Unfortunately, we have been denied permission to reprint online the passage that accompanies Question 2 of the 1999 AP English Language free-response question. The essay "On Seeing England for the First Time" can be found in Best American Essays, 1992, edited by Susan Sontag and published by Ticknor and Fields, 1992.The AP® English Language and Composition exam is broken into two sections: multiple-choice and free-response. Students are asked to complete 23-25 reading questions focused on rhetorical analysis and 20-22 writing questions focused on making revisions related to diction, syntax, and other grammar concepts. The number of free-response questions ...2021 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 3 • Scoring Guideline • Student Samples • •Scoring CommentaryAP® English Language and Composition 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and otherRow C: 0/1 The response did not earn a point for Row C. While the response offers a good discussion of Reagan’s appreciation for Kennedy, it does not focus on the larger rhetorical situation of Reagan’s speech.Use the resources available to read and practice answering real AP® questions. There are free-response questions from past exams, along with example responses, and scoring on CollegeBoard. Albert.io offers model AP® style questions for various topics. Read different prompts, write practice essays and improve your performance.Albert features hundreds of AP-aligned AP® English Language practice questions and free response questions for you to study as you prepare for your AP® exam. Use Albert to study at your own convenience. Deliberate practice works! Students who used Albert for AP® English Language have beat the national pass rates by 13.61%.Updated: January 16, 2023. The 2023 AP exams will take place over a two-week period in May: May 1–5 and May 8–12. The AP English Language and Composition exam for 2023 will be a full-length paper-and-pencil exam that students can take in school only. Here is what you need to know to do well in the upcoming AP English Language exam.Our customer support staff is there for you 24/7 to answer all your questions and deal with any problems if necessary. Of course, the best proof of the premium quality of our services is clients’ testimonials.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade. The AP English Language and Composition Multiple-Choice. The multiple-choice section tests you on two main areas. The first is how well you can read and understand nonfiction passages for their use of rhetorical devices and tools. The second is how well you can "think like a writer" and make revisions to texts in composition questions.English Language and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions ENGLISHLANGUAGEANDCOMPOSITION SECTIONII Totaltime—2hoursand15minutes. 3Questions. Question1 Suggestedreadingandwritingtime—55minutes Itissuggestedthatyouspend15minutesr eadingthequestion,analyzingandevaluatingthesources, and40minuteswritingyourresponse. Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions.ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION I Time—1 hour 45 Questions Directions: This part consists of selections from prose works and questions on their content, form, and style. After reading each passage, choose the best answer to each question and completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.The AP® Language and Composition exam tests your ability to not only read content, but also to analyze what you have read and draw conclusions to present in an argument. The test consists of two parts: multiple choice and free response, and it lasts 3 hours and 15 minutes. It is a long and difficult test, but with the right amount of practice ...(This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) As the Internet age changes what and how people read, there has been considerable debate about the future of public libraries.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...2022 Free-Response Questions Question Mean . Standard Deviation Number of Possible Points ; 1 3.56 ; ... AP English Language and Composition Author: College BoardAP English Language and Composition 2020 Free-Response Scoring Guidelines (applied to 2019 questions) Question 1: Synthesis Essay 6 points . In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from governments and consumers as aAP ® United States History 2022 Free-Response Questions UNITEDSTATESHISTORY SECTIONI,PartB Time—40minutes Directions: AnswerQuestion1 and Question2.Answer either Question3 or Question4.

Test Prep Books' AP English Language and Composition 2021 - 2022: AP English Language and Composition Study Guide with Practice Test Questions [3rd Edition] Made by Test Prep Books experts for test takers trying to achieve a great score on the AP English Language exam. This comprehensive study guide includes:. Dbt core

ap english language and composition 2022 free response questions answers

In your response you should do the following: • Respond to the prompt with a thesis that analyzes the writer’s rhetorical choices. • Select and use evidence to support your line of reasoning. • Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. • Demonstrate an understanding of the rhetorical situation. Section 1: Multiple Choice. 55 questions 45% of Score. There are 5 sets of questions made up of 8–13 questions each. Questions include excerpts from prose fiction, drama, or poetry. Each excerpt is accompanied by several multiple-choice questions. There will be at least 2 prose fiction passages (this may include drama) and at least 2 poetry ...Explore how the AP exam is scored and what a passing AP score is. By. Whitney Sandoval. Edited by. Tyler Epps. Published on March 3, 2022. Learn more about our editorial process.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade. AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses . 3 . Sample B [1] On April 9, 1964, United States First Lady Claudia Johnson gave a speech in honor of Eleanor Roosevelt. She spoke to those in attendance of the luncheon, specifically talking to the women within the crowd.AP ® United States History 2022 Free-Response Questions UNITEDSTATESHISTORY SECTIONI,PartB Time—40minutes Directions: AnswerQuestion1 and Question2.Answer either Question3 or Question4.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade. Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.English Literature and Composition 202 AP® 2 Scoring Guidelines . Question 1: Poetry Analysis 6 points . In Richard Blanco’s poem “Shaving,” published in 1998, the speaker writes about the act of shaving. Read the poem carefully. Then, in a well-writtenMade for any learning environment, AP teachers can assign these short videos on every skill and/or required reading as homework alongside topic questions, warm-ups, lectures, reviews, and more. AP students can also access videos on their own for additional support. Videos are available in AP Classroom, on your Course Resources page.Row C: 0/1 The response did not earn a point for Row C. While the response offers a good discussion of Reagan’s appreciation for Kennedy, it does not focus on the larger rhetorical situation of Reagan’s speech.AP® English Language and Composition 2005 Free-Response Questions The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity.ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION I Time—1 hour 45 Questions Directions: This part consists of selections from prose works and questions on their content, form, and style. After reading each passage, choose the best answer to each question and completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.2022 AP ® English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 1 • Scoring Guidelines • Student Samples ...2021 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 3 • Scoring Guideline • Student Samples • •Scoring CommentaryThis question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) Many high schools, colleges, and universities have honor codes or honor systems: sets of rules or principles that are intended to cultivate integrity..

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